2015. január 30., péntek

A Hungarian from Romania: what is that?

This is a frequent question, what I get in a foreign country. Sometimes only from students, but it happens that even intellectuals surprise me with their confusion. This means of course, that most of the people have no idea about European history and instead of reading a little bit about the social and historical reality of the Old Continent, we are just blaming Americans, that they don't know geography and history. But do we know each other at least?

So: Hungarian from Romania. What is that? I could answer this question with one short word: it is a Transylvanian! But this is again, not true. First of all, because Transylvania is a problematic notion, having different geographical definitions  during its long, more than 1000 years old history (history of this notion, as political and historical reality / the area of course, has a much longer history). Secondly, because not all of the people from the "modern" Transylvania (everything which is inside the Carpathian basin on the territory of Romania) are Hungarians! There are 80% Romanians and numerous other ethnic and cultural groups, with their own special identity (Gypsies, Germans - Saxons and Schwabish-, Armenians, Jewish, Turkish, Serbians, Croatians, Slovakians, Polish, Ukrainians, etc). And thirdly: because there are Hungarians in Romania outside of Transylvania too (not so much, however as in the 1930's when Bucuresti was named as the "second biggest Hungarian city"). So...the situation seems more difficult, than it seems.
But, lets try at least.

Hungarians in Romania in 2002
A Hungarian from Romania, is a Romanian/Hungarian citizen (we can have now dual citizenship) who speaks Hungarian, as a mother language (it means: at home, with his friends, in the elementary, high school and even faculty), Romanian as a second, state language (in most of the cases, however older generations have problems speaking the language of the state) and identify himself par excellence, as a Hungarian. Yes, you get it: the key concept is: identity. Identity is, very simple: who you are, how you identify yourself as a cultural, human being? For this question, we answer very simply: Hungarian from Romania (or Transylvanian  - if we came from this area of the country). For us, citizenship and nationality, two legal words from the Anglo-Saxon and French legislative literature and cultural tradition, are totally different notions: citizenship is a legal, constitutional term and status, while nationality is more a cultural concept, close to identity. In this sense, we are Romanian citizens and Hungarians, as nationality.

It is not that strange and unique  - or problematic - as many Romanians or some foreigners think. Europe - due to its long and problematic history - is full with ethnic and cultural minorities and a great amalgam of identities. In many cases, they have their autonomous territory or special laws protecting their cultural heritage and identity. Hungarians in Romania - however a part of them, the Szeklers (Székelyek) are living in a compact area - doesn't have yet a territorial autonomy. 
A person, can have of course numerous identities. There are lot of shades of grey, as we know. 

What the Hungarians do in Romania? Another frequent question from foreigners. Well, read history
please. But, saving your time: Hungarians arrive in the Carpathian Basin in the 9th century A.D. and till 1920, they represent the political and administrative power in this area. That means, more than 1000 years of presence and cultural heritage. However, in numbers, they are minorities already in the 17th century in Transylvania (the majority being the Romanian population). There is a big difference of minorities, as diaspora and recent immigrants in Europe and a historical minority. Another notion, which is useful to learn. 
However, the differences between a Romanian and Hungarian from Romania are sometimes emphasized by politics and corrupt mass media, the reality is, that Romanians born in Transylvania are good friends of Hungarians. We share a thousand years long common history, similar melodies and vestments in traditional folklore, similar fairly tales, lot of words changed and exchanged in our language and numerous mixed families exist. 

I wish, that not only Romanian politicians, but the average tourist who visit Transylvania, this amazing part of Europe will understand, how the hell is possible, that you are in Romania, and you can hear sometimes the same language, as in Budapest.


14 megjegyzés:

  1. Well said, although the last paragraph is expressing a technical impossibility. Why? Because unlike many countries in Western Europe, several Eastern European countries have severe issues in normalizing a multicultural environment.

    Your 'average tourist' from a Western country won't care "how the hell it is possible that you are in Romania and you can hear sometimes the same language as in Budapest". It just something that is a natural reality in multicultural countries that have grown as such in an organic way. It's normal to hear other languages that belong to people who live there, regardless if they are "official" languages or not. German citizens that are Indian nationals, French citizens that are Moroccan nationals, Swiss citizens that are Belgian nationals, Swedish citizens that are Chinese nationals. These situations don't raise eyebrows and I haven't met even a single case where someone would question that (unless they come from monocultural countries).

    Sure, Romania doesn't have a normal multicultural environment mostly because some politicians hijack the development of this environment for political purposes and inflaming spirits in a search for votes. Secondly, because education doesn't prepare us for multiculturalism, in the form that we have in Transylvania (with two identities that grew together for hundreds of years, regardless of political administration).

    VálaszTörlés
  2. Well, your eaxample is also a little bit problematic. For a Western tourist could be normal, that in France a Maroccan speaks also French and Indian, Turkish etc. nationals speaks German. But: as the recent studies show, the great multiculturalism of these countries doesn't work so good as they show for the outside world. Such small bombs, such as the Charlie Hebdo phenomena show, that Hantington maybe getthe point, and there is no perfect multicultural state - there will be always groups, where cultural clash exist. And as I said: there is a huge, a HUGE difference between imigrant and historical minorities. The two things are building up in a different way. For examaple: in Germany, I'm an immigrant Hungarian. Whatever I say, I should learn German. And I didn't really care about these issues here. BUT: in Romania, where I'm a native Hungarian, I deserve my own rights as a historical minority. Multiculturalism is not a general thing everywhere, don't forget this.

    VálaszTörlés
  3. It's a good writing, but has flaws. As a native Szekler / székely, I miss the enhancement of the cultural differences between Hungarians and Szeklers (because the Szeklers are the majority among your "Hungarians from Romania" and this is why do we want a territorial autonomy on Szeklerland / Székelyföld). But independently of this, congratulations!- the English-speaking and interested peoples must be informed about this not so difficult to understand facts and maybe they don't have to be immediately loaded with everything...

    VálaszTörlés
  4. There are cca 74% Romanians and numerous other ethnic and cultural groups. For ex. the Gypsies (or Romani), who speak mostly Romanian or Hungarian language, and can represent up to 10-11% of the total population, however the census shows only 4%.
    The absolut majority of Hungarian and Szekler population was wasted away sometime in 18th century.

    VálaszTörlés
  5. Ezt a megjegyzést eltávolította a szerző.

    VálaszTörlés
  6. Ezt a megjegyzést eltávolította a szerző.

    VálaszTörlés
  7. Ezt a megjegyzést eltávolította a szerző.

    VálaszTörlés
  8. NOW THE HUNGARIAN GUVERMENT IS MAKE IT A FAKE
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJRVEcDFrnU??
    FIRST TIME IN HISTORY WIEN DICTAT GIVE TO HUNGARY szekely WHAS BETWEEN 1941-1944 AND IN THIS 3 YERS WHAT HUNGARIANS MAKE IN szekely region from TRANSILVANIA WERE ROMANIANS ARE MAJORITY REST WHAS MINORITY OF SAXONS SZEKELY SVABS AROMANIAN ROMA ETC BUT JUST THIS NATION A ROMANIAN SZEKELY NATION WITH HELP OF HUNGARIANS KILL ROMANIANS AND JUISH BECAUSE ARE DIFERENT.
    IN THIS TIME 95% OF JUISH WHAS SEND IT BY HUNGARIANS IN CONCETRATION CAMPS WHEN INVADE EUROPE AND KILL THEM WE ROMANIANS NEVER FORGET THIS NEVEEER
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJRVEcDFrnU?

    VálaszTörlés
  9. EU ROMAN D'ACIA AM FOST SI REMAN translate from romanian to english FROM HERE I WHAS AND REMAIN FOUR MORE THEN 3000 YERS AGO WE GOT THE WRIGHT OF OLDERST NATION
    Capital of PANONIA WHAS AQUINCUM A LATIN LAND DACIAN PRE LATIN OR PROTO ROMANIAN AND ROMAN MODERN LATIN WE WHANT BACK AQUINCUM OLD LATIN ROMANIAN LAND MORE THEN 2500 YEARS HISTORY AUTONOMY FOUR PANONIA NOSTRUM?
    AQUINCUM=BUDAPESTA=AQUI FROM LATIN AQUA INCUM CITY
    NAME BUDA COME FROM OBUDA APUDA ROMAN-DACO LANGUAGE OLD LATIN CITY DISTROY FROM A HORSE PEOAPLE IS AD FLEXUM MOSONMAGYAROVAR,ADMURES ACS,AD STATUAS VASPUSTZA ALISCA BRIGETIO SZONY CAESARIANA BALACA CAMPONA NAGYTETENEY CONTRA FLORENTIAM DUNASZEKSCO ALBA REGIA SZEKESFEHERVAR ARTA RIPA TOLNA ARRABONNA GYOR CONSTANTIAM DUNAKESZI GORISUM HERCULIANA =TAC INTERCISA DUNAUJVAROS LUSSONIUM DUNAKOLOMOD END MORE THEN 25 MORE CITY WAS DACO-ROMAN ORIGIN BEFORE MONGOLS TRIBS COME IN PANONIA
    Octavian Augustus whass written: Pannoniorum gentes, quaăsaînte me pricipem populi Romani exercitus nun quam adit, devictas per Ti. ăNeîronem, qui tum erat privignus et legatus meus, imperio populi Romani săubieîci protulique fines Illyrici ad răipîam fluminis Danăuîi. Citrăaî quod ăDîaăcorîuăm trîanăsîgressus exercitus meis aăuîspăicis victîus profliga tusque ăesît, et posătea tranîs Danăuîvium ductus exăercitus meîuăsî Dacorum gentes imăperiîa păopuliî Răomani per ferre coegitî, Res Gestes Divi Augusti. V. 30, 44-49 (“dacians from panonia, nobady before me whas faighting with them they are from here a great worriors DA'CI TRANSLATE IN ROMANIAN LANGUAGE FROM HERE FROM THIS PLACE DA'CI
    So after difite off atilla by DACIAN -ROMAN FLAVIUS AETIUS WE DACIAN DISTROY THE HUNS IN THIS TIME 85%
    AFTER THIS OTTO FROM THE HOLLY EMPIRE IN BATTLE OF LECHFELD CLEN ON THE EARTH SURFACE IN PROCENT OF 97% THE NOMAD HUNS AND REMAIN IN PANONIA JUST ROMANIANS AND SLAVS WICH SPEACK A MONGOLOID LANGUAGE

    Hungarian write in latin caracters??? true
    ATTILA lost in the battle against FLAVIUS AETIUS ON CHALONS LOST THIS IS THE TRUE after he drink achool and die of stomac burn THE TRUE
    The Battle of Lechfeld[2] (10 August 955) was a decisive victory for Otto I the Great, King of East Francia, over the Hungarian harka Bulcsú and the chieftains Lél (Lehel) and Súr. It is often seen as the defining event in the repulsion of the Hungarians' incursions into Western Europe. Located south of Augsburg, the Lechfeld is the flood plain that lies along the Lech River. The battle appears as the second Battle of Augsburg[3] in Hungarian historiography. It was followed by the Battle of Recknitz in October. It was important in rallying the East Frankish realm against a foreign enemy.
    The battle has been viewed as a symbolic victory for the knightly cavalry, who would define European warfare in the High Middle Ages, over the migrated nomadic, light cavalry that characterized warfare during the Early Middle Ages in Central and Eastern Europe.[18]

    Paul K. Davis writes, the "Magyar defeat ended more than 90 years of their pillaging western Europe and convinced a few survivors to settle down, creating the basis for the state of Hungary." wich whas a slav , dacians ( getae vlahs or romanians )and rest of 2% max mongoloids children and woman .
    in the few survives is max 8% of them wich they live with actualy romanians and slavs
    this is the TRUE because in this moment hungarians got just 2% mongolian genetic rest is east european genetic 98%

    VálaszTörlés
  10. THE SZEKELY IS THE LAND OF ROMANIA IS AND EILL BE FOREVER OUR OLD DACIANS LAND
    DESPRE HARGITA COVASNA SI SIGETttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxVrfhVktZQ MOLDAVA=D'ACIA= ROMANIA (SUCIDAVA BURIDAVA MORODAVA DACIAN LAND )MOLDAVIA 50 BATTLES AGAINST TURKS OTOMAN
    MOLDAVA LOST JUST 1 TURKS LOST 49 TURKS OR SZEKELY OR MAGHIARS MONGOL TURKS HERE IS ROMANIA A DACIAN LAND OLD TO 3000 YERS ROMANIAN ARE DACIANS OR DACI IN ROMANIAN LANGUAGE DA'CI IS FROM HERE FROM THIS LAND TRANSLATE FROM ROMANIAN LANGUAGE THIS LAND GOT MORE THEN 3000 YERS OLD DACIANS OR ROMANIANS ARE THE PRELATIN LANGUAGE AND LATIN WHAS THE DACIAN DIALECT FROM THRACIAN FAMILY LIKE ILARIANS A DIALECT OF THRACIANS AS WELL.SARMIZEGETUSA TRANSILVANIA WALAHIA WERE DRACULA WHAS BORN ROMANIA HONOR ET PATRIA TERRA DACICCA AETERNA
    DACIANS WHAS THE MOST BRAVE FROM ALL THRACIANS HERODOT WORDS
    D'ACI AM FOST SI ACI NU S-E TRECE FROM HERE WE ARE AND ENEMY NEVER PASS
    BRITISH ARE THE MASTER OFF THE WORLD 4 ATTACK -ROMANIANS ARE THE MASTER OF THE WORLD FOUR DEFENSE THEY LAND OLDEST UP TO 3000 YERS
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bj6K299awe4?
    Harghita and Covasna call areas with the largest Dacian vestiges?
    More than 200 settlements, 34 cities and more than 30 TREASURES (all DACIAN)! and Dacian name ( "zeget") Siget MARMATIEI: "The people who built the fortified settlement Solovan gintei Romanian ancestors on earth. Those who believe the island's better not knowing realities on the ground. The city has never had the appearance of being an island surrounded by water, but it is a confluence. Hungarians came when the city was Romanian, princely center. Sighet was a settlement not to wait for the arrival of the Hungarians call it a word in their language and semantic not true. Modern scientific rigors of place-names rule out "Sziget". The name was given to the great city Dacian Dacian on Solovan attesting to millennia uninterrupted continuity of the Romanian people "etc.
    - When you think of strămosi Our DACI them, come to mind Sarmisegetuza Costesti, Blidaru, Stone Ro? ... Ie all the mountains which KNOW TIME (Orastie Mountains!)? Muntii care stiu ora .
    D'ACIA I WAS AND REMAN translate from English to Romanian FROM HERE WE WHAS AND REMAIN 4 EVER

    VálaszTörlés
  11. UNGARIA YES HUNGARY GOT NO MINORITYS A PART OF GIPSY BECAUSE THEY ARE NOMADS AS WELL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_4w5T0zZlM
    ROMANIA GOT 25 NATIONAL MINORITYS BUT THEY ARE FIRST ROMANIANS
    SO YOU MOTHER FUKER HUNGARIANS WHY YOU DON,T HAVE MINORITY ???BECAUSE YOU ARE A RACIST CONTRY XENOFOBS AND HISTORIANS LIE PROPAGANDA
    THE WORLD WILL FIND OUT HOW HUNGARIANS PUSH OUT ALL MINORITY FROM HUNGARY A COUNTRY WITH SHORT HISTORY AND FUCK UP LANGUAGE
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magyarization
    The Magyarization of Budapest was rapid[40] and it implied not only the assimilation of the old inhabitants, but also the Magyarization of the immigrants. In the capital of Hungary, in 1850 56% of the residents were Germans and only 33% Hungarians, and in 1910 almost 90% declared themselves Magyars.[41]
    According to census data, the Hungarian population of Transylvania increased from 24.9% in 1869 to 29.6% in 1910. In the same time, the percentage of Romanian population decreased from 59.0% to 53.8% and the percentage of German population decreased from 11.9% to 10.7%. Changes were more significant in cities with predominantly German and Romanian population. For example, the percentage of Hungarian population increased in Braşov from 13.4% in 1850 to 43.43% in 1910, meanwhile the Romanian population decreased from 40% to 28.71% and the German population from 40.8% to 26.41%.
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magyarization#/media/File:Hungary-ethnic_groups.jpg
    LOOK ON HUNGARIAN HISTORY IN EUROPE :Hungarian write in latin caracters??? true
    ATTILA lost in the battle against FLAVIUS AETIUS ON CHALONS LOST THIS IS THE TRUE after he drink achool and die of stomac burn THE TRUE
    The Battle of Lechfeld[2] (10 August 955) was a decisive victory for Otto I the Great, King of East Francia, over the Hungarian harka Bulcsú and the chieftains Lél (Lehel) and Súr. It is often seen as the defining event in the repulsion of the Hungarians' incursions into Western Europe. Located south of Augsburg, the Lechfeld is the flood plain that lies along the Lech River. The battle appears as the second Battle of Augsburg[3] in Hungarian historiography. It was followed by the Battle of Recknitz in October. It was important in rallying the East Frankish realm against a foreign enemy.
    The battle has been viewed as a symbolic victory for the knightly cavalry, who would define European warfare in the High Middle Ages, over the migrated nomadic, light cavalry that characterized warfare during the Early Middle Ages in Central and Eastern Europe.[18]

    Paul K. Davis writes, the "Magyar defeat ended more than 90 years of their pillaging western Europe and convinced a few survivors to settle down, creating the basis for the state of Hungary."[19]


    in the few survives is max 8% of them wich they live with actualy romanians and slavs
    this is the TRUE because in this moment hungarians got just 2% mongolian genetic rest is east european genetic 98%

    NOW THE HUNGARIAN GUVERMENT IS MAKE IT A FAKE HISTORY IN ORDER TO LIE THE NATION OF HUNGARIANS AND THE LIE IS NOT THE TRUE
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJRVEcDFrnU???

    VálaszTörlés
  12. THE HUNGARIANS AND HUNGARY THE SICK OF EUROPE THE PRIME MINISTER OF BRITAIN WINSTON CHURCHILL SAY

    VálaszTörlés